Methodology

Properties are curated by hand. Returns are computed transparently using the formulas and assumptions below.

Formulas

• Gross yield = annual rent ÷ debt-free price.
• Net yield = (effective annual rent [rent × (1 − vacancy)] − operating costs) ÷ total acquisition cost.
• Cash-on-cash return = annual cash flow ÷ cash invested (incl. the mortgage effect).
• Price/m² versus the area average reveals under-/over-pricing.

Assumptions

• Transfer tax: 1.5%
• Vacancy rate: 5.0%
• Insurance: €200/yr
• Purchase fees: €0
• Down payment: 30.0%
• Mortgage rate: 4.0%
• Loan term: 25 years

Operating costs include the maintenance charge (hoitovastike), insurance and a vacancy allowance. The finance charge (rahoitusvastike) is not part of the baseline, because yield is computed on the debt-free price — the housing-company debt is already reflected there.

Use the calculator on each property page to change these assumptions and see the effect on your own return. Figures are estimates, not investment advice.